Winds that blow from large bodies of water specifically seas and oceans are called sea breezes and some refer to them as onshore winds. As winds typically blow from high to low pressure areas, the cooler breeze then comes from the shore and is now called as “land breeze”.The denser air above the land moves to the space over the water.Low pressure is formed above the water while high pressure is formed above the land.As compared to land, water retains heat longer which causes the air above it to have lesser density and rise.Late at night, the loss of heat source causes land to quickly cool down which causes the heat to be released towards the surrounding air.The following occurrences outline how land breeze is formed: Particularly, land breezes last longer during the last weeks of summer as this is when the sea temperature will gradually increase to the land’s daily temperature variations. It arises at night and early morning when the land has a lower heat capacity as compared to the adjacent water. Furthermore, these winds are instrumental in humidity and temperature levels, and precipitation rates.Īs it name suggests, the local wind system which occurs from land to water is called land breeze and some refer to it as an offshore wind. Individuals situated near coastlines (within 50 kilometers from the oceanfront) experience cool sea breezes during the day and warm land breezes at night. The resulting low pressures then cause alternating air movements which are manifested as breezes. The differences in the temperature of land and water causes respective changes to the densities of the air above them. The key difference between the two is caused by the property of water to retain and warm up longer. Wilks DS (2006) Statistical methods in the atmospheric sciences.Land breeze and sea breezes take place near large bodies of water. Whiteman CD (2000) Mountain meteorology, fundamentals and application. Simpson JE, Mansfiled DS, Milford JR (1977) Inland penetration of sea-breeze, fronts. NIMR (2014) Application of Boseong Global Standard Observatory (I), National Institute of Meteorological Research Miller STK, Keim BD, Talbot RW, Mao H (2003) Sea breeze: structure, forecasting and impacts. Lim HJ, Lee YH (2019) Characteristics of sea breezes at coastal area in Boseong. Lee YH, Ahn KD, Lee YH, Eom H (2020) Implementation of tidal parameterization in the weather research and forecasting (WRF) model. Lee YH, Ahn KD, Lee YH (2016) Parameterization of the tidal effect for use in the noah land-surface model: development and validation. Arch Meteorol Geophys Bioclim Ser A 34:3–26 Kessler RC, Eppel D, Pielke RA, McQueen J (1985) A numerical study of the effects of a large sandbar upon sea breeze development. Hersbach H et al (2020) The ERA5 global reanalysis. Boundary-Layer Meteorol 137:1–29įischereit J, Schlünzen KH, Gierisch AMU, Grawe D, Petrik R (2016) Modelling tidal influence on sea breezes with models of different complexity. Theor Appl Climatol 96:249–260Ĭrosman ET, Horel JD (2010) Sea and lake breezes: a review of numerical studies. QJR Meteorol Soc 115:547–570Īzorin-Molina C, Chen D (2009) A climatological study of the influence of synoptic scale flows on sea breeze evolution in the Bay of Alicante (Spain). For offshore flows, the tidal effect on wind-speed profiles is examined, with results showing that the tide state influences the time at which the sea-breeze speed increases but not the daily maximum speed of the sea breeze.Īrritt RW (1989) Numerical modeling of the offshore extent of sea breezes. This could be explained by the shorter distance to the sea due to the movement of the water boundary towards the station as well as larger sea–land temperature difference during high tide. The results indicate that there is a significant difference due to tidal state in the onset time of the sea breeze only for offshore flow, showing earlier arrival for the high-tide group in the morning than the low-tide group in the morning. The tidal effect on the sea breeze is tested at a significance level of 5% using a two-sample t-test for onshore and offshore flows. Sea-breeze days are divided into four groups depending on the tidal state and ambient flow direction. A sea-breeze day is defined as a day with both onset and cessation of a sea breeze within 24 h. We consider sea-breeze days during the warm season from May to September of each year from 2014 to 2017. The tidal effect on a sea breeze is examined using a 4-year 30-min database of wind-speed profiles obtained from a 300-m tower at a coastal site in Boseong, South Korea, facing a bay with tidal flats.
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